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Motor Wire Size Calculator

Calculate motor wire size fast with our motor wire size calculator. Find motor FLC, required ampacity, and wire gauge for single and 3-phase motors.

Minimum Ampacity = NEC Table FLC × 125%
Select the motor's phase, supply voltage, and horsepower to look up its NEC Table FLC, then choose the conductor material and terminal temperature rating.
Use the lowest temperature rating of any terminal, lug, or breaker in the circuit unless all equipment is listed for a higher rating.
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Choosing the right wire is key for a safe motor circuit. A wire that's too small can overheat. A wire that's too large can add cost.

Our motor wire size calculator makes this job quick. It uses the motor phase, voltage, horsepower, wire material, and temperature rating. It then finds the motor's full-load current (FLC), applies the 125% sizing factor, and selects a wire with enough ampacity.

This tool works as an electric motor wire size calculator for both single-phase and 3-phase motors. It can also help with motor cable size and motor conductor sizing.

Motor Wire Size Formula

The main formula used by this calculator is:

Motor required ampacity = Motor FLC × 1.25

Here, FLC means full-load current.

The calculator gets FLC from its built-in NEC motor tables. It uses NEC Table 430.248 for single-phase motors and NEC Table 430.250 for three-phase motors.

After finding FLC, the calculator checks the conductor ampacity table.

Wire size is selected when:

Wire ampacity ≥ Required ampacity

The calculator picks the smallest listed wire that meets this value.

For example, if the motor FLC is 22 A:

Required ampacity = 22 × 1.25 = 27.5 A

A 10 AWG copper wire with a 75°C ampacity of 35 A meets this value.

So the calculated wire size is 10 AWG copper.

How to Use Online Motor Wire Size Calculator

Using our motor wire sizing calculator is simple.

  1. Select the motor phase. Choose single-phase or three-phase.
  2. Enter the motor voltage. Pick the voltage that matches the motor and supply.
  3. Select motor horsepower. Choose the motor HP listed by the calculator.
  4. Select wire material and temperature. Choose copper or aluminum, then select 60°C, 75°C, or 90°C.
  5. Click Calculate. The calculator finds the FLC, calculates the required ampacity, and gives the smallest matching wire size.

Example Motor Wire Size Calculation

Let's use a 7.5 HP, 230 V, three-phase motor with copper wire at 75°C.

The calculator finds the motor FLC from its three-phase table:

FLC = 22 A

Now apply the motor wire size formula:

Required ampacity = 22 × 1.25

Required ampacity = 27.5 A

Next, compare this value with the copper wire ampacity table.

12 AWG copper = 25 A, which is too low.

10 AWG copper = 35 A, which is enough.

Therefore:

Motor wire size = 10 AWG copper

Required ampacity = 27.5 A

Wire ampacity = 35 A

This is the core calculation performed by our 3 phase motor wire size calculator.

Final Verdict

Our motor wire size calculator gives you a fast way to estimate the conductor size for supported motor combinations. It uses table-based motor FLC values, applies the 125% factor, and matches the result with conductor ampacity.

It can help with motor wire gauge, motor cable sizing, and motor conductor size calculations.

Keep in mind that real installations may need additional checks. Voltage drop, ambient temperature, conductor adjustment, installation method, terminals, and local electrical rules can affect the final wire choice. A motor breaker size calculator is also a separate calculation and should not be confused with conductor sizing.

FAQs

What is a motor wire size calculator?

A motor wire size calculator finds the required conductor ampacity and selects a suitable wire size based on motor FLC and conductor ampacity.

What is the motor wire size formula?

The core formula is:

Required ampacity = FLC × 1.25

How do I calculate wire size for a 3-phase motor?

First find the motor FLC from the applicable motor table. Multiply FLC by 1.25. Then select a conductor whose allowable ampacity meets or exceeds the result.

Does motor HP determine wire size?

HP is used with motor voltage and phase to obtain the table-based FLC. The FLC then determines the required conductor ampacity.

Can this calculator size DC motor wire?

This calculator is designed around the programmed NEC single-phase and three-phase AC motor tables. It does not calculate DC motor wire size.

Is motor wire size the same as motor breaker size?

No. Motor conductor sizing and motor breaker sizing are separate calculations. A breaker must account for motor circuit protection rules, while the conductor calculation determines the required wire ampacity.