Do Quick Calculation!

Perform fast calculations with our user-friendly online calculator! Conveniently crunch numbers and solve equations instantly. Ideal for quick math tasks, our tool simplifies your daily computations effortlessly. Try our intuitive calculator for accurate results on the go!

Shaft Key Calculator

Calculate shaft key size, torque, stress, and safety instantly with our free online Shaft Key Calculator. Fast, accurate, and easy to use.

Designing a shaft key may seem like a small step in mechanical engineering, but it plays a big role in transmitting torque securely between a shaft and a hub. If the key fails, the entire system could stop working or even get damaged. That's why we’ve developed the Shaft Key Calculator, a powerful and user-friendly online tool designed to help engineers, technicians, and students calculate everything related to shaft keys with precision. Whether you're working on a new design or verifying an existing one, this calculator ensures safety and accuracy.

What Is a Shaft Key?

A shaft key is a small metal component inserted between a rotating machine element (like a gear or pulley) and the shaft. It locks the two together, ensuring the torque is transferred without slippage. Shaft keys are commonly made from steel and come in various shapes such as rectangular, square, or Woodruff types.

How to Use the Shaft Key Calculator

Using our shaft key calculator is simple and requires only a few inputs:

Step 1: Enter Shaft Dimensions

Input the shaft diameter, and choose your preferred unit (mm, inch, etc.).

Step 2: Input Torque

Add the torque you need to transmit. This can be in Newton-meters (Nm), foot-pounds (lb·ft), or other units.

Step 3: Enter Key Dimensions

Provide the width, height, and length of the key.

Step 4: Material Strength Values

Add the allowable shear stress and allowable bearing stress for the key material. If unknown, use default steel values.

Step 5: Shaft Strength and Stress Factor

Input the shaft’s allowable shear strength and the stress concentration factor (Kf), which accounts for weakening due to the keyway.

Step 6: Calculate

Click “Calculate” and get instant results.

Shaft Key Calculations and Formulas

The calculator uses accurate engineering formulas to compute stress and required key length:

Shear Stress

Shear stress in the key is calculated using the formula:

τ = (2 × T) / (d × w × l)

Where:

  • T = torque
  • d = shaft diameter
  • w = key width
  • l = key length

Bearing Stress

Bearing stress between key and hub:

σ = (4 × T) / (d × h × l)

Where:

  • h = key height

Torque Capacity

  • Shear-based torque capacity:
    T_shear = (τ_allow × d × w × l) / 2
  • Bearing-based torque capacity:
    T_bearing = (σ_allow × d × h × l) / 4

Shaft Torque Capacity

To make sure the shaft can handle the torque:

T_shaft = (π × d³ × τ_shaft) / (16 × Kf)

Required Key Length

To ensure the key won't fail, calculate required length:

  • Length for shear:
    l_shear = (2 × T) / (d × w × τ_allow)
  • Length for bearing:
    l_bearing = (4 × T) / (d × h × σ_allow)

The longer of the two is the minimum safe key length.

Shaft Weakening Factor

Cutting a keyway weakens the shaft. We calculate that with:

e = 1 - 0.2(w/d) - 1.1(h/d)

This gives an idea of how much weaker the shaft becomes after keyway cutting.

Final Verdict

Our Shaft Key Calculator is built to make your mechanical design process faster, safer, and more reliable. It’s ideal for calculating all the critical values you need when working with shaft keys whether you’re designing machinery, running safety checks, or learning how to calculate a shaft key for your project. With just a few inputs, you get complete safety analysis, material suggestions, and even improvement recommendations if the current design is unsafe.

The calculator supports both metric and imperial units, and it’s designed to meet real-world engineering needs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a shaft key used for?

A shaft key is used to lock a rotating machine element (like a gear or pulley) to a shaft, allowing torque transmission without slipping.

How do I calculate shaft key size?

You calculate shaft key size using formulas based on torque, shaft diameter, and the key’s shear and bearing capacity. Our calculator automates this for you.

What is the formula for cutting a keyway in a shaft?

The weakening factor formula (e = 1 - 0.2(w/d) - 1.1(h/d)) estimates how much the keyway reduces shaft strength. The keyway should not exceed safe design limits.

How long should a shaft key be?

The key length should be at least the larger of the shear or bearing length requirements. Our calculator shows you the minimum required key length.

Is this calculator only for steel keys?

No, you can use any material. Just enter its shear and bearing allowable stresses. Steel is just the default.