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Surface Gravity Calculator

Use our free Surface Gravity Calculator to quickly find the gravity of any planet or object. Step-by-step guide, formula, examples, and instant results.

Formula
g = (G × M) / R²
Gravitational Constant (G): 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²

Understanding the strength of gravity on a planet or celestial body is crucial in physics, astronomy, and space exploration. Gravity determines how objects move, how atmospheres stay in place, and even the weight you feel on a planet. To make this easy, we have developed a Surface Gravity Calculator that allows users to calculate the gravity of any planet, star, or object with just a few inputs.

Our online calculator is simple, fast, and provides step-by-step calculations, helping both students and professionals find accurate results in real-time.

What is Surface Gravity?

Surface gravity refers to the acceleration due to gravity experienced at the surface of a planet, moon, or star. It is the force that pulls objects toward the center of a celestial body. On Earth, this force gives us a gravitational acceleration of approximately 9.81 meters per second squared.

The value of surface gravity depends on two main factors: the mass of the object and its radius. Larger and denser objects have stronger gravity, while smaller or less massive objects have weaker gravity.

Surface Gravity Formula

The standard formula used to calculate surface gravity is derived from Newton’s law of universal gravitation:

g = (G × M) / R²

Where:

  • g is the surface gravity in meters per second squared (m/s²)
  • G is the universal gravitational constant, 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²
  • M is the mass of the object in kilograms (kg)
  • R is the radius of the object in meters (m)

By plugging in the mass and radius of any planet or celestial body, you can calculate its surface gravity precisely.

How to Use the Online Surface Gravity Calculator

Using our Surface Gravity Calculator is straightforward and requires only a few steps:

Step 1: Enter the mass of the object. You can choose units like kilograms, grams, pounds, tons, Earth masses, or Solar masses.

Step 2: Enter the radius of the object. The calculator supports meters, kilometers, miles, feet, or Earth radii.

Step 3: Click the “Calculate” button. The calculator will automatically convert your input to standard SI units (kilograms for mass and meters for radius) and apply the surface gravity formula.

Step 4: Review the step-by-step calculation provided by the tool. This includes converting units, squaring the radius, multiplying by the gravitational constant, and dividing to find the final surface gravity.

Step 5: View your result in m/s². For convenience, the calculator can also show gravity relative to Earth’s gravity (1 g = 9.81 m/s²).

Example Surface Gravity Calculation

Let’s calculate the surface gravity of Earth using our calculator:

  • Mass of Earth: 1 Earth mass (5.972 × 10²⁴ kg)
  • Radius of Earth: 1 Earth radius (6.371 × 10⁶ m)

Step 1: Convert units to SI (already in kg and meters).

Step 2: Apply the formula: g = (G × M) / R²

Step 3: Calculate R² = (6.371 × 10⁶)² = 4.058 × 10¹³ m²

Step 4: Calculate G × M = 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ × 5.972 × 10²⁴ = 3.986 × 10¹⁴

Step 5: Divide G × M by R² → 3.986 × 10¹⁴ / 4.058 × 10¹³ ≈ 9.81 m/s²

The surface gravity of Earth is 9.81 m/s², which matches the standard value used in physics.

Final Verdict

Our Surface Gravity Calculator provides accurate, instant, and easy-to-understand calculations for any celestial body. Whether you are a student learning about planetary physics or a professional working in astronomy, this tool helps you quickly determine gravity without manual calculations.

By using the step-by-step display, users not only get the final value but also understand how each part of the calculation works. This makes learning easier and ensures complete transparency.

FAQs

What is surface gravity?

Surface gravity is the gravitational acceleration experienced at the surface of a planet or star. It determines how strongly objects are pulled toward the surface.

Can I use the calculator for stars or moons?

Yes, the calculator works for any celestial object as long as you know its mass and radius.

What units can I use for input?

The calculator supports multiple mass and radius units including kg, g, tons, lb, Earth masses, Solar masses, meters, km, miles, feet, and Earth radii.

How accurate is the calculator?

The calculator uses the standard Newtonian formula and universal gravitational constant, providing highly accurate results for planets, moons, and stars.

Can it show gravity relative to Earth?

Yes, you can easily convert the result to multiples of Earth gravity (1 g = 9.81 m/s²) for comparison.